A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study finds that the protein hormone leptin promotes development of gray matter in the part of the brain that regulates cravings and the ability to monitor personal behavior. After receiving leptin replacement therapy, research subjects with a recessive mutation in the obesity (ob) gene - a population both deficient in leptin and morbidly obese - lost about half of their body weight while regulating their own food intake.The findings suggest leptin may p...[ Details... ]
A recent report from the U.S. surgeon general on bone health and osteoporosis has found that black women have a lower risk of fracture than white women at every level of bone mineral density.The report published in the Journal of the American Medical Association says that one in two individuals older than 50 years will be at risk for fractures from osteoporosis, and despite lower fracture rates among black women, osteoporosis is a risk for any agi...[ Details... ]
Patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumor cells contain extra copies of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene may be more likely to respond to the drug gefitinib (Iressa), and this high gene copy number may be an effective predictor of gefitinib efficacy, according to a new study in the May 4 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. NSCLC is the leading cause of cancer deat...[ Details... ]
More than one-half of adults surveyed nationwide had seen or heard celebrity endorsements of cancer screening tests, and more than one-fourth of those who had seen or heard an endorsement reported that it made them more likely to undergo the promoted screening test, according to a new study in the May 4 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Celebrity endorsements of cancer screening are becoming increasingly ...[ Details... ]
In patients with no or moderate coronary calcification, 16-slice MDCT allows the reliable detection of coronary artery stenosis with high diagnostic accuracy, say researchers from Tuebingen University Hospital in Germany. Coronary artery stenosis is the narrowing of coronary arteries due to the build-up of calcified plaques.The study included 37 patients, 28 of whom had a calcium score of less than 1,000 (no ca...[ Details... ]
Migraine patients who received true acupuncture had no decrease in headaches as compared with those who received sham acupuncture treatment, according to a study in the May 4 issue of JAMA.Migraine is a common and disabling condition that typically includes attacks of severe, pulsating, 1-sided headaches, often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to sound and light, according to background information in the article. Population-based studies sug...[ Details... ]
A type of coronary artery stent that releases a medication appears to result in better outcomes than traditional stents for heart attack patients, according to a study in the May 4 issue of JAMA.Sirolimus, a substance that is thought to help prevent reclosure of coronary arteries, can be released from certain types of stents (metal devices inserted to keep a coronary artery open after angioplasty) to greatly reduce the need for target-vessel revas...[ Details... ]
A study that includes 20 years of follow-up does not support aggressive treatment for localized, low-grade prostate cancer, with data indicating a small risk of progression of this grade of cancer, according to a study in the May 4 issue of JAMA.To determine the need for treatment of localized prostate cancer, patients and physicians must understand the natural history of this disease, according to background information in the article. A recent s...[ Details... ]
Scientists now suspect that regular use of the painkiller paracetamol, is linked with higher rates of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and reduced lung function. According to a new study experiments in animals suggest that acetaminophen, paracetamol, might lower antioxidant activity in the lungs. Dr. Tricia M. McKeever, at City Hospital in Nottingham, UK, and her associates say whether this experimental evidence translates to an effect on human respiratory disease i...[ Details... ]
In a paper published this week in the premier open-access global health journal PLoS Medicine, Majid Ezzati and colleagues from Harvard School of Public Health conclude that a large proportion of the world's population who live in low-income and middle-income countries should be the focus for intervention against risk factors for cardiovascular disease because major cardiovascular risk factors will ...[ Details... ]
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